List of Urban Legends

Urban Legends Archive · Master Index

Urban Legends List: A–Z

An alphabetical guide to 381 classic urban legends, supernatural stories, creatures, campus tales, internet folklore, corporate rumors, and modern cautionary warnings.

The direct answer

This A–Z urban legends list currently contains 381 stories and traditions, from Alligators in the Sewers and Bloody Mary to the Vanishing Hitchhiker and the Well to Hell. It includes classic contemporary legends as well as selected regional, supernatural, creature, and internet-born traditions that commonly function as urban legends.

How to Use This Urban Legends List

An alphabetical list looks orderly. The stories are not.

An urban legend may circulate under several names. The same plot can move from one city to another, exchange a car for a train, replace a newspaper warning with a TikTok video, and attach itself to a new company without becoming an entirely new story.

Jan Harold Brunvand selected conventional titles for hundreds of legends so that researchers could compare versions that used different local names. He also warned that “variation is the hallmark of folklore”: a standardized plot summary is a reference point, not an official text.1

This is a living index. It is not a claim that every strange story, cryptid, ghost, rumor, or internet hoax is automatically an urban legend. Border cases are included when they are widely transmitted as plausible or locally true narratives—and identified by category so we can study the overlap honestly.

Each entry below gives the shortest useful description of the legend and a few category labels. The full research files will go deeper: origins, earliest evidence, variants, belief, historical parallels, cultural meaning, and the difference between what was claimed and what can actually be documented.

A list tells you what stories exist. An archive should also tell you why they survived.

— Sophie Vale

New readers may want to begin with What Is an Urban Legend? and Types of Urban Legends. Those guides explain the genre and why a single story may belong to several categories at once.

Urban Legends Beginning with A

The Accidental Cannibals

Travelers unknowingly eat food they believe may contain human remains, then discover that the misunderstanding—or the meal—was more disturbing than expected.

FoodTravelHorror

The Accidental Gerbil

An urban legend about an escaped pet, a roadside struggle, and two rescuers who misread the scene.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Acrobatic Professor

Meet the professor who promises no surprise quiz until he enters through the transom—and then appears with a stack of tests.

SchoolContemporary legend

AIDS Mary and AIDS Harry

A sexual encounter ends with a written warning that the victim has been exposed to AIDS. These stigmatizing legends circulated widely during the early AIDS crisis.

DiseaseSexHarmful rumor

The Air-Freighted Pet

A traveler attempts to transport a pet by air, only for a death, substitution, or bureaucratic disaster to turn the journey into a grotesque comedy.

AnimalsTravelDark humor

Aka Manto

A masked or cloaked spirit is said to appear in Japanese school bathrooms and force the victim to choose between deadly options associated with red or blue.

SupernaturalSchoolJapan

All Aboard!

A man jumps from a slowing express train, only to be pulled aboard again by someone who thinks he is trying to catch it.

TravelContemporary legend

Alligators in the Sewers

Baby alligators are supposedly flushed into city sewers, survive in the darkness, and grow into a hidden population beneath the streets.

AnimalsCityCreature

The Announced Quiz

A teacher appears to cancel or postpone an exam, then reveals that the students’ reaction—or failure to follow instructions—was the real test.

SchoolAcademicPoetic justice

Ants or Termites Invade the Body

The urban legends about ants or termites living beneath a plaster cast, inside the sinuses, or throughout the human body.

MedicalContemporary legend

The Arrest

In which an impaired driver escapes a traffic stop by accidentally taking the police cruiser home.

AutomobileCrimeContemporary legend

The Avon Flasher

The homeowner knows exactly how much toilet paper is upstairs. She replaced the roll that morning. The Avon Flasher is an urban legend about a supposed door-to-door saleswoman who asks to use a customer’s bathroom.

HumorContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with B

Baby Gets the Chair

An urban legend about parents who leave before the sitter arrives and return to find their baby was never collected.

HumorContemporary legend

The Baby Headache

In which a teenager secretly swaps birth-control pills for aspirin and creates two pregnancies.

HumorContemporary legend

The Baby on the Roof

A family drives away after accidentally leaving a baby carrier, child, or bundle on the roof of the car.

AutomobileFamilyAccident

The Baby Train

The predawn whistle blamed for a town’s high birthrate, and the story’s journey across countries.

TravelContemporary legend

The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs

A babysitter receives threatening telephone calls and learns that the caller is already inside the house.

HorrorCrimeHome invasion

The Bad Bachelorette

The story includes 1980s circulation, wedding-party fears, and the racial stereotype built into its ending.

SexContemporary legend

Bad News Bearers

The Bad News Bearers urban legend, a wartime story in which one death notification becomes a chain of family tragedy.

HumorContemporary legend

The Bargain Sports Car

A valuable sports car is sold for an impossibly low price because of death, revenge, odor, inheritance, or a hidden condition attached to the vehicle.

AutomobileBargainRevenge

The Barometer Problem

The clever physics-exam story often credited to Alexander Calandra and falsely to Niels Bohr.

SchoolContemporary legend

The Barrel of Bricks

The impossible accident report that became a speech, song, and workplace favorite.

HumorContemporary legend

The Battered Cat

In which a driver tries to end an injured animal’s suffering and kills the wrong cat.

AnimalsAutomobileContemporary legend

The Bedbug Letter

The reply could not be more apologetic. Then the passenger finds the note that was never meant to leave the office. The Bedbug Letter is an urban legend about a traveler who complains of bedbugs and receives an elaborate corporate apology with an internal instruction accidentally attached: send this customer the…

TravelContemporary legend

Big Cats Running Wild

A recurring urban legend about black panthers, pumas, and other mystery cats near populated areas.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Biker and the Smoker

The restaurant revenge story in which an angry smoker vandalizes the wrong motorcycle.

AutomobileFoodContemporary legend

The Bird-Foot Exam

A campus legend about an impossible ornithology test and the student with one perfect answer.

SchoolAnimalsContemporary legend

Black and White

In the Black and White urban legend, a famous Black man is mistaken for a porter, bellhop, or driver—and chooses how to answer the insult.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Black-Eyed Children

Children with unnaturally dark eyes appear at doors, cars, or public places and ask to be invited inside.

SupernaturalCreatureContemporary

The Blind Date

Including the pharmacist’s daughter, the emergency-room doctor, and the embarrassment behind both versions.

MedicalContemporary legend

The Blind Man

The doorbell joke in which a naked woman mistakes a window-blind installer for a man who cannot see.

HumorContemporary legend

Block That Ambulance

An urban legend about a driver who refuses to yield and learns the ambulance was headed to his own home.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Bloody Mary

A figure is summoned by repeating a name into a mirror, usually in a dark bathroom and often as part of a childhood dare.

SupernaturalRitualSchool

Blue Star Acid

The Blue Star Acid urban legend, the warning flyers about LSD-laced tattoos, and why police and drug officials called it a hoax.

CrimeContemporary legend

The Body in the Bed

Hotel guests discover that an unbearable smell comes from a corpse hidden beneath or inside the bed.

TravelCrimeHorror

The Body on the Car

An urban legend about a drunk driver who reaches home without realizing a young victim is caught in his grille.

AutomobileMedicalContemporary legend

Bookkeeper in a Brothel

An illiterate job seeker is rejected by a brothel, builds a grocery empire, and explains what literacy would have made him. Explore the old tale.

HumorContemporary legend

The Bosom Serpent Legend

The old legend of a snake living inside the human body and its descendants in modern urban folklore.

AnimalsMedicalContemporary legend

The Bothered Bride

In which a bride pauses an expensive wedding to expose the groom and maid of honor.

SexContemporary legend

The Boyfriend’s Death

Research file available

A young woman waits in a car while her boyfriend investigates a problem outside, then discovers that he has been murdered nearby.

HorrorAutomobileCrime

Bozo the Clown’s Blooper

The Bozo the Clown blooper urban legend, the child’s rude comeback, its many local versions, and why no broadcast recording has surfaced.

HumorContemporary legend

The Brain Drain

The 1995 urban legend about an exploding biscuit can, a parked car, and the woman who thought she had been shot.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Brush with Death

An urban legend about a dentist, an apparently dead patient, and a desperate trip to the restroom.

MedicalTravelContemporary legend

A Bug in Her Ear

The urban legend in which an earwig supposedly crosses a woman’s brain and leaves eggs behind.

Alternate version: Earwig in the Ear.

HumorContemporary legend

The Bug Under the Rug

A hotel guest finds a metal plate beneath the carpet and removes it as a suspected listening device. Then a chandelier falls downstairs.

TravelContemporary legend

The Bullet Baby

The 1874 medical-journal prank behind it, and how an impossible Civil War pregnancy became…

MedicalContemporary legend

The Bump in the Carpet

Also known as The Bump in the Rug, about a missing cigarette pack and a terrible mistake under new carpet.

Alternate version: The Bump in the Rug.

HumorContemporary legend

The Bungled Rescue of the Cat

The British legend of soldiers who rescue a cat from a tree, accept tea from its grateful owner, then run it over.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Bunny Man

A costumed or axe-wielding figure is said to haunt roads, bridges, or woods around Fairfax County, Virginia, with the legend expanding far beyond documented incidents.

RegionalCrimeCreature

Burying St. Joe

Will burying a Saint Joseph statue help sell a house? Explore the custom, its many contradictory rules, and what its uncertain history tells us.

HumorContemporary legend

The Butcher’s Prank

The old sausage-and-cleaver joke that sends an unsuspecting customer collapsing to the floor.

HumorContemporary legend

Buying Tampax

The Buying Tampax urban legend, a supermarket misunderstanding that turns an ordinary price check into a very public embarrassment.

HumorContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with C

The Cabbage Patch Tragedy

A damaged Cabbage Patch Kid goes back for repair. What returns is a death certificate, funeral bill, or citation for child abuse.

HumorContemporary legend

The Can of Snakes

A fishing legend about a boy who mistakes baby rattlesnakes or copperheads for a can of worms.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Cat and the Nude Man

The escalating accident involving a startled pet, a naked homeowner, and laughing paramedics.

AnimalsSexContemporary legend

Cats Out of Their Skins

The disturbing Estonian urban legend adapted from an older hunters’ exaggeration about wolves.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Celebrity’s Car Breakdown

The celebrity car breakdown urban legend, in which a helpful driver rescues a stranded stranger and receives an extravagant reward.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Chicken on the Bus

A San Francisco transit legend about a live animal, a firm rule, and one shocking solution.

AnimalsTravelContemporary legend

The Choking Doberman

A dog begins choking; a veterinarian discovers human fingers in its throat, revealing that an injured intruder may still be inside the owner’s home.

AnimalsCrimeHorror

Chupacabra

A mysterious creature is blamed for livestock deaths and blood loss, especially in Puerto Rico, Latin America, and later the southern United States.

CreatureRegionalAnimals

Church’s Chicken Rumors

The false Church’s Chicken rumor that claimed the KKK owned the chain and added a sterilizing ingredient to food served to Black customers.

AnimalsFoodContemporary legend

Cigar Insurance

A man insures expensive cigars against fire, smokes them, files a claim, and then faces an ingenious legal reversal.

LawHumorPoetic justice

The Clever Babysitter

A dark urban legend about a sitter who casually explains that stove gas is her secret for quieting a baby.

HumorContemporary legend

The Colo-Rectal Mouse

The homophobic celebrity rumor that evolved into the gerbil legend—and what researchers found when they checked it.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Come and Get It!

The Come and Get It urban legend, a comic shower mix-up in which an intimate invitation reaches the wrong houseguest.

HumorContemporary legend

The Communist Rules for Revolution

A Cold War-era list falsely presented as a secret 1919 communist plan.

HumorContemporary legend

The Contaminated Comforter

A Dutch urban legend about a cheap eiderdown that moves because maggots are alive inside it.

HumorContemporary legend

The Corpse in the Car

A strange warning or prophecy is supposedly confirmed when a body is later discovered in a vehicle.

AutomobileSupernaturalCrime

CPR Annie

The CPR Annie urban legend, the real history of Resusci Anne, and the unidentified woman whose face inspired the training manikin.

HumorContemporary legend

The Craig Shergold Card Appeal

Craig Shergold really did collect millions of cards. Then an outdated appeal kept circulating long after his family asked people to stop.

HumorContemporary legend

Cruise Control

A driver mistakes cruise control for automatic driving, leaves the steering wheel, and crashes—an enduring legend about technical misunderstanding.

TechnologyAutomobileHumor

The Crushed Dog

A comic urban legend about a nervous guest, a ruined carpet, and one disastrous seat in an overstuffed chair.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Culture Clash

The Culture Clash urban legend, in which copied Chinese characters on a homemade sweater carry an embarrassing menu message.

HumorContemporary legend

The Curse of 9/11

Coincidences, numbers, images, warnings, and supposed predictions are assembled into narratives suggesting that the September 11 attacks were encoded or foretold.

DisasterConspiracyNumerology

Curses! Broiled Again!

A tanning-bed urban legend about a bride who visits several salons and supposedly cooks herself from within.

SexContemporary legend

The Cut-Off Finger

The mall crime story in which a thief removes a shopper’s finger to steal a valuable ring.

CrimeContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with D

The Daughter’s Letter from College

The story behind The Daughter’s Letter from College, the shocking campus letter that makes two bad grades sound almost comforting.

SchoolContemporary legend

The Day Trip

At closing time, the man can no longer stand. The people drinking with him assume he belongs to their day-trip party. They find an address in his wallet, carry him to the coach, and make sure he gets safely home. He wakes the next morning in his own bed. There is just one problem:…

TravelContemporary legend

The Dead Cat in the Package

A dead pet is placed in a suitcase, parcel, or shopping bag for transport, then stolen by someone who believes the container holds valuables.

Alternate version: Dog’s Corpse Is Stolen.

AnimalsTheftDark humor

Dealing with Mr. Wiseguy

Dealing with Mr. Wiseguy, the photo-radar legend in which a driver mails a picture of a check and receives a photo of handcuffs.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Death Car

A valuable automobile is sold cheaply because someone died inside it and an odor, stain, or reputation cannot be removed.

AutomobileDeathBargain

The Death of Dr. Charles Drew

The false story that blood-banking pioneer Dr. Charles Drew died after a segregated hospital refused to treat him.

MedicalContemporary legend

The Death of Little Mikey

The child actor from Life cereal commercials was falsely rumored to have died after combining Pop Rocks with soda.

CelebrityFoodFalse death

The Decapitated Motorcyclist

An urban legend about a loose steel sheet, a headless rider, and a truck driver’s fatal shock.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Decapitated Riders and Drivers

A gruesome road legend about a child, dog, driver, or motorcyclist struck while leaning from a moving vehicle.

AnimalsAutomobileContemporary legend

The Deer Departed

In which a stunned buck wakes during a trophy photo and disappears with the hunter’s rifle.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Dental Death

The Dental Death urban legend, in which a dentist hides a patient who appears to die in the chair—and sometimes sees him return.

MedicalContemporary legend

The Devil in the Dance Hall

A handsome stranger dances with a young woman until someone notices a hoof, claw, tail, or other sign that he is the Devil.

SupernaturalDanceMoral warning

The Dishonest Note

The parking-lot story where a driver performs honesty for witnesses and leaves nothing useful.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Do You Know Who I Am?

A student finishes his exam late, asks whether the professor knows his name, and finds the perfect way to hide his blue book.

SchoolContemporary legend

The Dog in the High-Rise

A large dog dies in an apartment building, forcing its owners into an increasingly absurd attempt to remove the body without attracting attention.

AnimalsCityDark humor

The Dog’s Dinner

An urban legend about travelers who point to their pet in a restaurant and make a terrible mistake.

AnimalsFoodContemporary legend

The Dolly Parton Diet

A diet is falsely attributed to a celebrity, giving an ordinary eating plan the authority and appeal of a famous body.

CelebrityHealthProduct

The Dormitory Surprise

A student enters a dark dorm room, ignores something strange, and later discovers that a roommate was murdered—or that a message was left nearby.

CampusHorrorCrime

The Double Theft

In which a returned car and free theater tickets lure grateful owners away from their home.

AutomobileCrimeContemporary legend

The Double Whammy

In which a driver kills an injured cat—then discovers the animal he struck is still on the car.

AnimalsAutomobileContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with E

The E-mail Tax

A warning claims that governments or technology companies are about to impose a tax on email or internet use unless the message is widely shared.

TechnologyGovernmentChain message

The Eaten Pets

A recurring xenophobic rumor that accuses immigrant neighbors of stealing cats and dogs for food.

AnimalsFoodContemporary legend

The Eaten Ticket

In which a punk passenger answers an insulting woman by swallowing her train ticket.

TravelContemporary legend

The Economical Car

An urban legend about a secret experimental automobile that gets hundreds of miles per gallon.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Elephant That Sat on the VW

A comic urban legend about a circus elephant, a crushed car, and a driver nobody believes.

Alternate version: The Nun and the Volkswagen.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Elevator Incident

A passenger misreads an innocent conversation or action in an elevator as a threat, often because of fear, prejudice, or incomplete information.

CityMisunderstandingPrejudice

End of His Rope

A tollbooth prank legend in which a driver handcuffs an attendant to a rope and lets fear do the rest.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Exploding Bra

Heat, static electricity, hidden materials, or an unusual accident supposedly causes a bra to ignite or explode.

AccidentClothingBody

The Exploding Butane Lighter

A fake safety warning about welders killed by lighters with the force of dynamite.

HumorContemporary legend

The Exploding Toilet

A flammable substance, gas leak, or careless act turns an ordinary bathroom into the setting for a spectacular explosion.

AccidentHomeDark humor

Urban Legends Beginning with F

The Failed Suicide

The darkly comic urban legend in which several carefully planned actions cancel one another out.

HumorContemporary legend

Fan Death

A running electric fan in a sealed room is said to cause death by suffocation, hypothermia, or disrupted airflow—a legend especially associated with South Korea.

TechnologyHealthKorea

The Fart in the Dark

The story includes surprise-party and double-date versions, literary history, variants, and meaning.

HumorContemporary legend

The Fatal Boot

A rattlesnake legend about a fang hidden inside an inherited boot killing several generations of wearers.

HumorContemporary legend

The Fatal Cleaning Lady

A cleaner repeatedly unplugs or switches off life-support equipment to use an electrical outlet, allegedly causing unexplained patient deaths.

MedicalTechnologyInstitution

The Fatal Initiation

A fraternity pledge is tricked into believing he has been stabbed or pushed from a cliff—and supposedly dies from fear.

HumorContemporary legend

The Fatal Tee

The golfer supposedly poisoned by a pesticide-covered tee, and what exposure research actually shows.

HumorContemporary legend

Fear of Frying

The anti-seat-belt urban legend claiming crash victims burn because their restraints trap them inside a car.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Fifi Spills the Paint

An urban legend about a painter who frames the family dog—and its Kitty Takes the Rap variant.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Filmed in the Act

A Filmed in the Act urban legend about a romantic hotel, a hidden camera, and the couple who recognize themselves on television.

TravelContemporary legend

The Final Exam

In which a professor asks students to identify birds by their feet and receives the same test in return.

SchoolAnimalsContemporary legend

Find the Hat

A business urban legend about a rejected hat expense, a padded report, and one final challenge to accounting.

HumorContemporary legend

The Finger in the Pickle Jar

A customer discovers a severed finger or other body part inside packaged food.

FoodContaminationBody horror

Fish Out of Water

An urban legend about a scuba diver found in a burned tree after being scooped up by a firefighting helicopter.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Fixing the Flue

A mason hides a pane of glass inside a chimney. When the owner refuses to pay, smoke fills the house—and only the mason knows the fix.

HumorContemporary legend

The Flying Cow

An animal falls from the sky, is launched by an accident, or lands on a vehicle in a bizarre chain of events reported as true.

AnimalsAccidentAbsurd

The Flying Kitten

An urban legend about a tree rescue gone wrong and a lost pet that seems to drop out of the sky.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Frozen Brain

A Finnish urban legend about a boy who refuses to wear a hat in bitter cold and suffers a frightening consequence.

HumorContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with G

The Gay Roommate

A Gay Roommate is a campus legend about a student secretly drugged and assaulted. Its title and plot reflect the homophobia surrounding its spread.

SchoolContemporary legend

The Ghost in Search of Help

A doctor, driver, or rescuer is summoned by someone who later proves to have died before making the request.

SupernaturalHelpGhost

Ghost Mom

The Ghost Mom urban legend, its 1890 Russian version, and the older Ghost in Search of Help tradition behind the story.

SupernaturalContemporary legend

Ghost Pilot

A flight attendant sees her dead father’s face in an airplane food warmer—and receives a warning about dangerous wiring.

FoodTravelContemporary legend

The Ghostly Videotape

The Three Men and a Baby ghost legend, the tragic story viewers invented, and the cardboard figure actually visible in the film.

SupernaturalContemporary legend

The Giant Catfish

Enormous catfish are said to live near dams, bridges, reservoirs, or drowned structures, sometimes large enough to swallow people.

AnimalsWaterCreature

Gnome Come Home

The Gnome Come Home urban legend, in which a stolen garden gnome sends vacation postcards before returning from its trip.

TravelContemporary legend

The Golf Bag

A Golf Bag urban legend about a furious golfer, a pond, and the car keys he forgot before throwing everything away.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Good Neighbors

The Good Neighbors urban legend, in which a connected neighbor makes one phone call and returns a family’s stolen property.

TechnologyContemporary legend

The Good Times Virus

The Good Times virus hoax, the 1994 email warning that claimed reading a message could erase a hard drive, and why it spread so widely.

TechnologyContemporary legend

The Grateful Terrorist

A stranger repays a small kindness by warning the helper to avoid a public place because an attack is supposedly imminent.

TerrorismWarningRumor

The Graveyard Wager

Someone accepts a dare to visit a graveyard at night and mistakes a snagged coat or dress for the grasp of the dead—with fatal consequences in some versions.

RitualGraveyardHorror

Green M&M’s

Green M&M candies are rumored to possess aphrodisiac or sexually suggestive powers, despite no basis beyond cultural association.

Alternate version: The Truth About M&M’s.

FoodSexHumor

Green Stamps

The Green Stamps urban legend, the gynecologist’s-office story about a restroom emergency, trading stamps, and an awful punch line.

HumorContemporary legend

The Grocery Scam

She has been staring at him for several aisles. By the time she explains why, saying goodbye feels like the least he can do. The Grocery Scam is an urban legend about an elderly shopper who asks a stranger to call out “Goodbye, Mom” as she leaves a supermarket. At the register, he learns…

HumorContemporary legend

The Grumbling Groom

In which a bridegroom exposes an affair at the reception and leaves the wedding behind.

SexContemporary legend

Guardian Angels

Invisible or supernatural protectors appear to frighten attackers, save travelers, or guard a vulnerable person from danger.

SupernaturalProtectionBelief

Gummed Paper Dangers

An urban legend about cockroach eggs in envelope glue hatching inside a paper cut on the tongue.

HumorContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with H

The Hairdresser’s Error

The hairdresser notices a steady movement beneath the cape, directly over the customer’s lap. She does not ask what he is doing. The Hairdresser’s Error is an urban legend about a stylist who mistakes a man’s hidden hand movement for masturbation and attacks or threatens him. When the cape is removed, she discovers that…

HumorContemporary legend

The Hairy-Armed Hitchhiker

A driver becomes suspicious of a passenger whose body, bag, or behavior reveals that the supposed woman may be a disguised attacker.

CrimeAutomobileDisguise

Halloween Sadists

Strangers are said to hide razor blades, poison, drugs, or needles in Halloween treats given to children.

FoodChildrenMoral panic

The Hammered Child

The unverified 1986 Salt Lake City rumor claiming a father mutilated his daughter and escaped prosecution.

HumorContemporary legend

Hanako-san

A ghostly schoolgirl is said to inhabit a particular stall in Japanese school bathrooms and can be summoned by knocking or calling her name.

SupernaturalSchoolJapan

The Hapless Water Skier

The deadly cottonmouth “nest,” its changing lake locations, and why the story is folklore.

HumorContemporary legend

The Hare Dryer

An urban legend about a dog, a muddy dead rabbit, and the cleanup that makes everything much worse.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Have You Heard?

Two automobile legends about a stolen part that comes home and a talking car mistaken for something supernatural.

AutomobileSupernaturalContemporary legend

The Heel in the Grate

The traceable church accident beneath it, and the wedding details added later.

HumorContemporary legend

High Octane Revenge

The gas-station legend in which a driver punishes a rude Mercedes owner with one well-placed locking gas cap.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Hold the Mayo! Hold the Mozzarella

The Hold the Mayo urban legend, its fast-food contamination versions, AIDS-era stigma, and the facts about HIV transmission through food.

FoodContemporary legend

The Holy Place

In which a practical duck beneath a church obstruction becomes a sacred gesture nobody can explain.

HumorContemporary legend

The Homemade Lie Detector

An ancient trick in which a thief exposes himself by refusing to touch a sooty animal.

AnimalsCrimeContemporary legend

The Hook

Research file available

A couple parked in an isolated place hears that an escaped killer has a hook for a hand, then later finds a hook attached to the car.

HorrorAutomobileCautionary

Hot Potato

Young resistance fighters paint a potato to resemble a grenade, toss it into a tank, and steal the vehicle after its crew runs away.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Human Sausage Factories

Restaurants, criminals, or hostile groups are accused of processing human bodies into food—often a xenophobic or wartime atrocity legend.

FoodAtrocityHarmful rumor

The Hunter’s Nightmare

The revived deer, the frantic 911 call, and the 1974 incident behind the circulating tapes.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Husband Monitor

In which two new fathers discuss their marriages while a baby monitor broadcasts every word downstairs.

HumorContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with I

The Ice-Cream Car

An ice-cream truck, vendor, or freezer becomes associated with abduction, hidden bodies, crime, or a disturbing secret behind a familiar neighborhood sound.

ChildrenCrimeNeighborhood

The Ice-Cream-Cone Caper

A woman meets Paul Newman at an ice-cream shop, gets flustered, and loses her cone—until he tells her it is inside her purse.

FoodContemporary legend

The Ice-Fishing Dog

A winter urban legend about a dog that dives into one fishing hole and appears from another.

AnimalsContemporary legend

If You Can Beat Me

A road legend about a mysterious woman in a red Corvette who offers a date to any driver who can catch her.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Improved Product

A company allegedly possesses a dramatically better product but suppresses, delays, or weakens it to protect profits.

CorporateTechnologyConspiracy

The Ineradicable Bloodstain

A bloodstain from a murder or tragedy repeatedly returns despite cleaning, painting, renovation, or attempts to conceal the event.

SupernaturalCrimePlace

Inner Golf

A prisoner of war plays a new golf course in his imagination every day, then returns home and shoots the best round of his life.

HumorContemporary legend

Islamic Justice

Examine the 1994 “Islamic Justice” urban legend, why its title is misleading, and how the story uses anti-Muslim atrocity stereotypes.

HumorContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with J

The JATO Car

A driver attaches a military jet-assisted takeoff rocket to a car, reaches impossible speed, and crashes into a cliff or other obstacle.

AutomobileTechnologyDeath

The Jersey Devil

A winged creature associated with New Jersey’s Pine Barrens is described through centuries of regional folklore, sightings, hoaxes, and media retellings.

CreatureRegionalNew Jersey

Jesus on the Thruway

The New York vanishing hitchhiker legend whose mysterious passenger predicts Christ’s return and disappears.

HumorContemporary legend

The Jogger’s Billfold

The jogger is proud of himself right up to the telephone call. He chased the thief. He recovered a wallet. He refused to become an easy victim. The Jogger’s Billfold is an urban legend about a man who mistakenly believes another runner stole his wallet. After forcing the stranger to surrender a billfold, he…

CrimeContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with K

The Kafkaesque Hospital Visit

In which a man enters a hospital for crooked glasses and leaves after disastrous surgery.

MedicalContemporary legend

The Kangaroo Thief

Tourists dress or photograph a seemingly dead kangaroo, only for it to revive and escape with a jacket, wallet, or passport.

AnimalsTravelAustralia

The Kentucky Fried Rat

A customer bites into what appears to be fried chicken and discovers that it is supposedly a rat or another unwanted animal.

FoodCorporateContamination

The Kidney Heist

A traveler is drugged and awakens in a bathtub, hotel room, or hospital after an organ has supposedly been removed for the black market.

CrimeMedicalTravel

The Killer Carpet

The rug feels plush until something inside it strikes. The customer sees only a tiny mark. The danger remains rolled up on the store floor. The Killer Carpet is an urban legend about a shopper who is bitten by a venomous snake hidden inside an imported rug. The victim collapses before employees discover the…

AnimalsCrimeContemporary legend

The Killer in the Backseat

A driver believes another motorist is threatening her, then learns that he was trying to warn her about an attacker hidden in the back seat.

CrimeAutomobileHorror

Kitty Takes the Rap

An urban legend about two boys, a stolen pie, a framed cat, and a lawyer’s lesson about evidence.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Kuchisake-onna

Japan’s ‘slit-mouthed woman’ approaches victims, asks whether she is beautiful, and turns any answer into a potentially deadly encounter.

SupernaturalJapanStreet

Urban Legends Beginning with L

La Llorona

Research file available

The Weeping Woman wanders near water searching for lost or murdered children, with versions shaped by region, history, religion, and family warning traditions.

SupernaturalRegionalLatin America

The Last Kiss

The story includes railroad and rock-crusher versions, and the final farewell that workers insist happened nearby.

HumorContemporary legend

Late for Class

The campus legend in which students invoke the 15-minute rule and a professor answers with one abandoned hat.

SchoolContemporary legend

The Lawn-Mower Accident

The story includes impossible hedge-trimming lawsuit, and the real legal anxieties behind the story.

HumorContemporary legend

Lawn Order: The Water Bottles That Repel Dogs

Lawn Order, the international folk belief that clear plastic bottles filled with water keep dogs, rabbits, or foxes away from a yard.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Leashed Dog

A grim urban legend about a family pet forgotten beside a car, camper, or automatic garage door.

AnimalsAutomobileContemporary legend

License to Practice

A License to Practice urban legend about an American tourist detained abroad and sent home with an unexpected prostitution permit.

TravelContemporary legend

The Licked Hand

A person is comforted by a dog licking a hand from beside the bed, then discovers that the dog is dead and a human intruder was responsible.

HorrorAnimalsHome invasion

The Lie Detector

Police put a colander on a suspect’s head and connect it to a copier. Every answer prints “He’s lying!” Explore the legend behind the trick.

CrimeContemporary legend

Lights Out!

A driver who flashes headlights at another car is supposedly selected as the victim of a gang initiation killing.

CrimeAutomobileGang rumor

The Loaded Dog

An animal retrieves, carries, or plays with explosive material, creating a chain of destruction that is told as a true accident.

Alternate version: Flopsy’s Revenge.

AnimalsAccidentDark humor

Lockout at 20,000 Feet

A pilot leaves the cockpit, the door locks behind him, and both pilots discover that the only way back in is with a fire axe.

HumorContemporary legend

The Lost Wreck

An Alberta urban legend about road workers, a rock dropped into a ravine, and a car missing since the 1950s.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Lottery Ticket

In which a winner passes his ticket around a bar and gets back a worthless substitute.

HumorContemporary legend

The Lover’s Telephone Revenge

A jilted lover leaves an overseas time call running. Explore the enormous-phone-bill revenge legend, its variants, and why the trick would fail.

TechnologyContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with M

The Madalyn Murray O’Hair Petition

The Madalyn Murray O’Hair petition falsely warned that an atheist was trying to ban religious broadcasting. Here is what RM-2493 really said.

HumorContemporary legend

Mag Wheels

An Australian urban legend about a magnetic cat flap, a missing pet, and a very unfortunate hubcap.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Man on the Roof

In which a roofer’s safety rope is tied to a car—and his wife drives away.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The March of the Sewer Rats

A British urban legend about a mass migration of rats led through the city by a white King Rat.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Message Under the Stamp

From wartime hunger rumors to the darker prisoner-of-war version about hidden mutilation.

HumorContemporary legend

The Mexican Pet

Tourists bring home what they believe is a strange dog, only to learn that it is a diseased rat, wild animal, or other misidentified creature.

AnimalsTravelXenophobia

The Microwaved Pet

A pet owner uses a microwave to dry an animal, then sues the manufacturer because the manual did not forbid it.

TechnologyAnimalsLaw

Mint-Condition Vintage Vehicles

The urban legend of forgotten Model A Fords, Army Jeeps, and Harley-Davidsons discovered new in crates and sold for almost nothing.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Missing Day in Time

The claim that NASA computers discovered the biblical day when the sun stood still.

HumorContemporary legend

The Missionaries and the Cat

A Mormon missionary legend about an annoying pet, one fatal flick, and a desperate cover-up.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Misunderstood Note

The courtroom story in which a juror mistakes a victim’s written testimony for a private invitation.

HumorContemporary legend

Mobile Phone Sparks Explosion

Using a mobile phone at a gas station is said to ignite fuel vapors and cause an explosion.

TechnologyWarningAutomobile

The Mole Hill and the Jaguar

A British accident legend in which a war on garden moles destroys a new car and damages a house.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Mommy’s Little Helper

A grim urban legend about a child copying an adult threat, its international versions, and older analogues.

HumorContemporary legend

The Momo Challenge

A frightening image was linked to claims that children were being instructed online to perform dangerous acts, producing a modern moral panic.

InternetChildrenMoral panic

The Mortician Always Rings Twice

A second-death urban legend about a revived woman, a speeding hearse, and a fatal ambulance crash.

HumorContemporary legend

Mother Knows Best

The child’s hair has been cut. Her clothes have been changed. She barely seems awake. Her shoes are still her own. Mother Knows Best is a shopping-mall abduction urban legend in which a child disappears after a parent is briefly distracted. Security closes the exits, and the child is found sedated and disguised as…

HumorContemporary legend

Mothman

A large winged figure with glowing eyes is associated with sightings around Point Pleasant, West Virginia, and with later disaster narratives.

CreatureRegionalWest Virginia

The Mouse in the Coke

A consumer finds a mouse or other animal inside a sealed soft-drink container.

FoodContaminationCorporate

The Mrs. Fields Cookie Recipe

A customer is charged an outrageous amount for a secret cookie recipe and retaliates by distributing it widely.

CorporateRecipeRevenge

Mutant Chickens

Fast-food companies are accused of breeding featherless, beakless, oversized, or genetically altered creatures that can no longer be called chickens.

FoodCorporateTechnology

The Mutilated Bride

In which a honeymooner disappears in Paris and is later recognized in a sideshow abroad.

SexContemporary legend

The Mystery Trip

The advertisement promises a mystery destination. A couple on holiday has already seen most of the nearby sights, so the tour sounds perfect. They board the coach early in the morning and spend hours wondering where it will take them. When the bus finally stops, they recognize the streets immediately. The mystery destination is…

TravelContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with N

The Naive Hunter

A hunting urban legend about an outsider who mistakes a horse, cow, or mule for a deer or elk.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Nativity Play

In which a child’s improvised line gives the Christmas pageant a memorable and very unplanned ending.

HumorContemporary legend

Needle-Attack Legends

Hidden needles or syringes are supposedly placed in theater seats, public spaces, gas pumps, or other objects to infect unsuspecting victims.

DiseaseCrimeMoral panic

Neiman Marcus Cookies

A shopper believes a recipe costs only a few dollars, is charged hundreds, and publishes it in revenge.

Alternate version: Red Velvet Cake.

CorporateRecipeRevenge

New Identity

A mob informant gets a new face, name, home, and career—then an alumni letter arrives under his old identity. Explore the witness-protection legend.

HumorContemporary legend

Nine-Eleven

A caller supposedly cannot reach emergency services because there is no “eleven” on the telephone dial. Here is how the warning became a legend.

HumorContemporary legend

No Tag—You’re It

The license-plate legend with a real case behind its tales of NONE and NO PLATE confusing ticket systems.

HumorContemporary legend

Not My Dog

A comic legend about two people politely tolerating a destructive animal because each thinks it belongs to the other.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Nude Bachelor

In which a man reaches for the newspaper, loses the door, and meets the neighborhood in a towel.

SexContemporary legend

The Nude Housewife

The laundry-room story with a football helmet, a surprise meter reader, and one perfect closing line.

SexContemporary legend

The Nude in the RV

A traveler steps out of a recreational vehicle while undressed and is accidentally left behind on the highway.

TravelAutomobileEmbarrassment

The Nude Surprise Party

A Nude Surprise Party urban legend about a forgotten birthday, a secretary’s invitation, and a celebration that begins at the worst moment.

Alternate version: Another Nude Surprise Party.

SexContemporary legend

The Number of the Beast

First there are thirteen stars around a moon. Then three curls that might look like sixes. Then a bar of soap advertised as 99.44 percent pure. If someone is determined to find 666, the arithmetic can always be encouraged. The Number of the Beast is an urban legend and comic adaptation built around the…

HumorContemporary legend

The Nut and the Tire Nuts

The driver has chosen an unfortunate place for a flat tire. On the other side of the fence is a psychiatric hospital. One of its patients watches while the driver removes the damaged wheel, fits the spare, and accidentally scatters the lug nuts into the darkness. The driver searches the road but cannot find them.

AutomobileMedicalContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with O

The Obedient Tourists

An urban legend about American visitors who mistake a London guide’s shout of “Neil!” for an order.

TravelContemporary legend

The Obligatory Wait

Students say they can leave when a professor is 15 minutes late. The rule changes by campus—and is usually not an official rule at all.

SchoolContemporary legend

Old vs. Young

Old vs. Young, the parking-lot urban legend about a young driver, a wealthy older motorist, and a very expensive act of revenge.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The One-Word Exam Question

A professor asks a deceptively simple question—sometimes only one word—and the cleverest or boldest student supplies an equally concise answer.

CampusExamClever answer

The Open-Book Exam

A professor says students may bring anything they can carry to an open-book exam. One student carries in a graduate student.

SchoolContemporary legend

Organ Theft

Travelers, patients, or abducted victims are said to lose kidneys, eyes, or other organs to an international black market.

CrimeMedicalConspiracy

Urban Legends Beginning with P

The Package of Cookies

Two strangers silently share a package of cookies, each believing the other is stealing, until one discovers the untouched package later.

Alternate version: The Cookie Caper.

MisunderstandingHumorMoral

Paul Is Dead

Clues in Beatles songs, album covers, and photographs are interpreted as evidence that Paul McCartney died and was replaced by a double.

CelebrityMusicConspiracy

The Peanut Butter Surprise

A sexual or humiliating act involving peanut butter and a pet is discovered by a parent, roommate, or unexpected witness.

SexAnimalsShock humor

The Penguin Story

An urban legend about a child who smuggles a baby penguin home in a backpack after a trip to the zoo.

AnimalsTravelContemporary legend

The Pet Nabber

In which an eagle, owl, hawk, or pelican carries away a tourist’s tiny dog.

AnimalsTravelContemporary legend

The Phantom Clowns

A recurring schoolyard scare about armed clowns in colored vans attempting to abduct children.

SupernaturalContemporary legend

The Phantom Coachman

Also called Room for One More, in which a nightmare warns someone away from a fatal journey.

SupernaturalContemporary legend

Pharm Parties

The pharm parties urban legend, a media-driven warning about teenagers mixing stolen prescription drugs in a communal bowl.

HumorContemporary legend

The Philanderer’s Porsche

A betrayed spouse sells, destroys, fills, or otherwise disposes of an unfaithful partner’s prized vehicle in a perfectly targeted act of revenge.

RevengeAutomobilePoetic justice

The Pig on the Road

An urban legend about a driver who mistakes a warning for an insult and crashes into the animal ahead.

AnimalsAutomobileContemporary legend

The Plant’s Revenge

The saguaro cactus story rooted in a documented 1982 death and reshaped as poetic justice.

HumorContemporary legend

The Poinsettia Myth

Poinsettias are widely described as dangerously poisonous, although the popular warning greatly exaggerates their toxicity.

PlantsHealthWarning

The Poison Dress

A dress taken from a corpse, funeral home, or contaminated source carries poison that sickens or kills the next wearer.

ClothingContaminationHorror

The Poisoned Pussycat

The urban legend in which party guests rush to the hospital after a cat dies—then learn what really killed it.

AnimalsMedicalContemporary legend

Polybius

A mysterious arcade game is said to have appeared briefly in the Pacific Northwest, causing illness, memory problems, or government monitoring.

TechnologyGamingConspiracy

Positive Reinforcement

The Positive Reinforcement urban legend, in which psychology students condition a professor to lecture from atop a wastebasket.

SchoolContemporary legend

The Pregnant Shoplifter

A store accused Betsy Nelson of hiding a basketball under her dress. She was nine months pregnant—and the unbelievable story was true.

CrimeContemporary legend

The Procter & Gamble Trademark

A corporate moon-and-stars logo was falsely linked to Satanism, occult ownership, or secret donations.

CorporateReligionHarmful rumor

The Proctological Examination

The alarming medical story about intestinal gas igniting during a colon procedure—and the rare real cases behind it.

MedicalContemporary legend

Push-Starting the Car

The stranded driver explains that his car must reach 30 or 35 miles per hour before the engine will turn over. The woman who stopped to help nods, returns to her car, and begins backing away. He watches her in the mirror. She is not making room for a gentle push. She is giving…

AutomobileContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with Q

Urban Legends Beginning with R

R Is for Race

The old automatic-transmission legend in which a driver mistakes Reverse for Race and ruins a new car.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Rat in the Rye Bread

The story includes 1940s bakery rumors, older literary prototype, and connection to later food-contamination stories.

AnimalsFoodContemporary legend

The Rattle in the Cadillac

An urban legend about a maddening noise, a hidden object, and a note from a factory worker.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Razor Blade Sabotage

Razor blades, pins, needles, or glass are supposedly hidden in food, playground equipment, water slides, or public objects.

SabotageChildrenMoral panic

The Rear-Window Carjacking Ploy

A note, money, object, or obstruction on a car’s rear window is said to lure the driver out so thieves can steal the vehicle.

CrimeAutomobileWarning

The Red Room Curse

A Japanese internet legend claims that a red pop-up window asks whether the viewer likes a red room and predicts or causes death.

InternetJapanHorror

Redemption Rumors

The redemption rumors urban legend, from pull tabs traded for dialysis to real charities that recycle tabs to raise money.

HumorContemporary legend

The Relative’s Cadaver

In which a medical student recognizes a family member among the bodies in anatomy class.

SchoolMedicalContemporary legend

Rescuing Richard Nixon

The political joke about two surfers, the Western White House, and a reward nobody wants his father to discover.

HumorContemporary legend

The Resubmitted Term Paper

A campus legend about a recycled essay, a professor who recognizes it, and one devastating comment.

SchoolContemporary legend

Resurrection Mary

A vanishing hitchhiker associated with Chicago’s Resurrection Cemetery appears in a white dress, accepts a ride, and disappears near the graveyard.

SupernaturalRegionalChicago

The Robber Who Was Hurt

The home-invasion story with a burned hand, a trusted neighbor, and very old roots.

CrimeContemporary legend

The Roommate’s Death

A student returns to a dark room, avoids turning on the light, and later learns that a roommate was murdered nearby.

CampusHorrorCrime

Rotten to the Big Apple Core

The New York car-radio legend in which a reassuring No Radio sign earns a smashed windshield and a mocking reply.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Roughneck’s Revenge

An oil worker drops a tool down a costly well. After the crew retrieves it and the boss fires him, he throws it straight back in.

HumorContemporary legend

The Runaway Grandmother

A family transports a dead grandmother on or inside a car, only for the vehicle or body to be stolen.

TravelDeathDark humor

The Runaway Patient

In which a paralyzed hospital patient is placed in an elevator and forgotten for days.

MedicalContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with S

The Sawed-Off Fingers

The century-old factory joke about a worker who demonstrates one accident by repeating it.

HumorContemporary legend

Scrotum Self-Repair

Scrotum Self-Repair sounds invented, but a 1991 medical account documented the case before it spread through jokes, email, and urban-legend collections.

MedicalTechnologyContemporary legend

The Scuba Diver in the Tree

After a forest fire, rescuers supposedly find a dead scuba diver high in a tree, carried there by a firefighting aircraft collecting water.

AccidentFireImpossible

The Second Blue Book

Three versions of The Second Blue Book, the campus legend about students who use an extra exam booklet to fake missing answers.

SchoolContemporary legend

The Second Death

In which a woman wakes inside a hearse only to be killed when it collides with the ambulance sent to save her.

HumorContemporary legend

The Severed Fingers

A car legend about a driver who escapes an attack and later finds part of the assailant still attached.

AutomobileCrimeContemporary legend

Sex with the Wrong Partner

The Sex with the Wrong Partner urban legend, a costume-party story in which a wife’s surprise visit produces one last surprise.

SexContemporary legend

The Sheriff’s Daughter

The story includes delayed-recognition twist, disturbing coercion, variants, history, and meaning.

HumorContemporary legend

Shooting the Bull

The hunting prank urban legend in which one hunter’s joke gives his companions a very expensive idea.

HumorContemporary legend

The Shoplifter’s Hat

The urban legend of a grocery thief exposed when blood drips from stolen meat hidden beneath his hat.

CrimeContemporary legend

Sinking Libraries

A university library is said to be sinking because architects forgot to account for the weight of the books.

CampusArchitectureTechnical incompetence

Siphon Surprise

The hose is in the right kind of opening. The label even says “unleaded fuel only.” The thief has no reason to think he has made a mistake until he starts the siphon. Siphon Surprise is an urban legend about a would-be gasoline thief who accidentally siphons from an RV’s sewage-holding tank. Folklorist Jan…

CrimeContemporary legend

The Ski Accident

A Ski Accident urban legend about a novice skier, a private moment, and two connected mishaps on the mountain.

HumorContemporary legend

The Slasher Under the Car

A person approaching or entering a parked car is attacked by someone hiding beneath it.

CrimeAutomobileHorror

Slender Man

A tall, faceless figure created in an online fiction contest escaped its original context and became a major internet-born legend.

InternetCreatureFiction-to-legend

The Small World Legend

How a real social-network experiment became the claim that any two people are connected by six degrees—or even fewer.

HumorContemporary legend

The Smashed VW Bug

An urban legend about two fused tractor-trailers and the tiny car—and bodies—hidden between them.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Snake in the Bananas

A snake, spider, or dangerous animal is discovered inside imported fruit, vegetables, or grocery displays.

AnimalsFoodImported goods

The Snake in the Store

The story includes imported coats and blankets, reported versions, and the fears that helped the rumor travel.

AnimalsTravelContemporary legend

Snakebite!

A Snakebite urban legend about a loose snake, a naked searcher, a curious dog, and rescuers who misunderstand every injury.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Snakes in the Amusement Park

The amusement-park snake legend, from the child on the log ride to Tunnel of Love and playland versions of the same fear.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Solid-Cement Cadillac

A betrayed worker or spouse fills a luxury car with concrete as revenge against an employer or unfaithful partner.

RevengeAutomobileHumor

Special Delivery

The Special Delivery urban legend, in which a swimmer’s stomach pain is blamed on an octopus egg she supposedly swallowed at the beach.

HumorContemporary legend

The Spider Bite

A mysterious swelling or bite bursts open to reveal spiders, eggs, larvae, or another hidden organism beneath the skin.

MedicalAnimalsBody horror

Spider Eggs in Bubble Yum

The false 1977 rumor that Bubble Yum contained spider eggs, why children repeated it, and how Life Savers tried to stop it.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Spiders in the Cactus

A decorative cactus or imported plant begins moving, pulsing, or bursting because it is supposedly filled with spiders.

Alternate version: The Moving Cactus.

PlantsAnimalsImported goods

Spiders in the Hairdo

A person’s elaborate or unwashed hairstyle becomes infested with spiders, insects, or other creatures, sometimes with fatal results.

Alternate version: The Spider in the Hairdo.

Body horrorAnimalsMoral warning

Spunkball

The Spunkball urban legend, a forwarded warning claiming gangs throw burning bundles into motorists’ open windows.

HumorContemporary legend

The Stanford Origin Legend

The famous story says Harvard dismissed a plainly dressed couple, so they founded Stanford. The real history is more interesting.

HumorContemporary legend

Start the Music

The Start the Music urban legend, in which a pianist and orchestra prepare different Rachmaninoff works and wait in silence.

HumorContemporary legend

State Police Don’t Have Balls

The State Police Don’t Have Balls urban legend, the traffic-stop joke built around a police ball, an accidental insult, and a lucky escape.

CrimeContemporary legend

Stick-Shift Frenzy

A drive-in urban legend about Spanish fly, a floor-mounted gearshift, and a dangerous fantasy about desire.

HumorContemporary legend

Sticking Up for One’s Rights

A parking-lot legend about an armed grandmother who scares men from the wrong car.

AutomobileContemporary legend

A Stitch in Time

Did NASA computers discover a missing day and prove the biblical story of the sun standing still? The claim is much older than the space program.

HumorContemporary legend

The Stolen Exam

A professor discovers an exam is missing, trims every remaining copy, and waits for the thief to turn in the only full-length test.

SchoolCrimeContemporary legend

The Stolen Specimen

In which a thief mistakes a urine sample carried in a liquor bottle for something worth drinking.

CrimeContemporary legend

The Stolen Speedtrap

In which a driver mistakes roadside police equipment for a discarded microwave oven.

AutomobileCrimeContemporary legend

Stripping the Car

The urban legend in which a stranded driver discovers a stranger calmly dismantling the other end of his car.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Stuck Couple

The story includes sports-car rescue, medieval predecessors, medical debate, and famously awkward final question.

AutomobileMedicalContemporary legend

The Stuck Diver

In which a diver reaches into a rocky crevice and becomes trapped by an unseen crab or lobster.

HumorContemporary legend

Stuck on the Toilet

The Stuck on the Toilet urban legend, from the freshly varnished seat and embarrassed babysitter to its darker vacuum-toilet version.

HumorContemporary legend

The Stuck Santa

A Christmas urban legend about a father trapped in the chimney while trying to surprise his family.

HumorContemporary legend

The Stuffed Baby

The story includes changing border and airport versions, and the newspaper report that collapsed under scrutiny.

TravelContemporary legend

Subway Samaritan

The Subway Samaritan urban legend, in which a helpful passenger returns a pair of gloves to the wrong man as the train departs.

TravelContemporary legend

The Suicide Rule

College students are said to receive automatic passing grades if a roommate dies by suicide or another tragedy occurs.

CampusPolicyWish fulfillment

Superglue Revenge

The Superglue Revenge urban legend, its South Texas versions, its roots in marital-revenge folklore, and whether it really happened.

HumorContemporary legend

Superhero Hijinks

The Superhero Hijinks urban legend, in which a costumed husband knocks himself unconscious and leaves his wife tied to the bed.

HumorContemporary legend

Switched Campus Buildings

The switched campus buildings urban legend, from UVA’s misplaced chapel to dormitories supposedly designed for the wrong climate.

SchoolContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with T

Take Him, Wagger!

The Take Him, Wagger urban legend, in which a son tests a guard dog’s training and is mistaken for the intruder he pretends to be.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Take My Tickets, Please!

The tickets are sitting on the dashboard. The window is open. The owner has made this as easy as he possibly can. When he returns, no one has stolen them. Someone has added two more. Take My Tickets, Please! is an urban legend and joke about a fan who leaves tickets to a losing…

HumorContemporary legend

Take the Puppy and Run

A grim urban legend about two boys, a forbidden pie, and a lie that is confessed too late.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Tapeworms in Diet Pills

Diet pills are said to contain tapeworm eggs so users will lose weight, only to become dangerously infected.

MedicalDietBody horror

Tapping the Admiral

The corpse-in-the-cask urban legend linking a family’s brandy barrel to the death and return of Admiral Nelson.

MedicalContemporary legend

Tea and Sugar

An urban legend about a visitor who learns to dunk a teabag—then dunks the unopened sugar packet too.

HumorContemporary legend

The Technology Contest

The urban legend of a tiny wire returned with an impossible hole drilled through its entire length.

TechnologyContemporary legend

Teke Teke

A Japanese ghost missing the lower half of her body moves rapidly on her hands or elbows and attacks people near roads or train stations.

SupernaturalJapanHorror

The Telltale Report

A campus legend about a student whose postdated letters expose the vacation he tried to hide.

SchoolContemporary legend

Thread the Needle

A motorcycle urban legend about a reckless nighttime dare, approaching headlights, and a hidden truck.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Toll Booth Pranks

The Toll Booth Pranks urban legend, in which medical students offer a toll collector a coin held by a stolen cadaver hand.

SchoolMedicalContemporary legend

The Toothbrush Story

The thieves take the valuables and leave the toothbrushes. For a few days, that feels like the only good news the couple has had. The Toothbrush Story is an urban legend about travelers who return to a ransacked hotel room but continue using the toothbrushes and camera left behind. After the film is developed,…

CrimeTravelContemporary legend

Toppling Penguins

Penguins are said to fall backward while watching aircraft pass overhead and then require help to stand again.

AnimalsMilitaryHumor

The Trained Professor

Students secretly reward a professor’s movements until they train him to lecture from a wastebasket. Did the classroom experiment happen?

SchoolTravelContemporary legend

The Trapper and His Dog Legend

A version of the ancient faithful-hound story about a dog wrongly killed after saving a child.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Truckers and Bikers

A roadside revenge legend about a quiet truck driver, a motorcycle gang, and flattened bikes.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Tube on the Tube

The story of a clerk carrying a fluorescent light on the subway—and the commuters who mistake it for a handrail.

HumorContemporary legend

The Tummy Ache

A modern bosom-serpent legend about a hiker who drinks from a stream and carries something home inside him.

HumorContemporary legend

The Turkey Neck

A medical, cosmetic, or dieting story turns loose skin or an altered body into the punchline of an embarrassing revelation.

BodyEmbarrassmentHumor

The Two Hitchhikers

Two mysterious travelers appear together, vanish, predict danger, or lead a driver toward a supernatural discovery.

SupernaturalAutomobileTravel

Urban Legends Beginning with U

The Unexpected Inheritance

Also called The Kilkenny Widow, in which a borrowed name brings one traveler a fortune.

TravelContemporary legend

The Unlucky Contacts

The story of bedtime thirst, a water glass, and a missing pair of contact lenses.

HumorContemporary legend

The Unlucky Driver’s Examination

A driver follows the emergency-stop instructions perfectly—just as the examiner signals the wrong car or crashes into the test vehicle.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Unsolvable Math Problem

A student mistakes famous unsolved problems for homework, solves them, and only later learns that experts believed they were impossible.

CampusMathematicsAchievement

The Unstealable Car

A supposedly theft-proof or unusually protected vehicle is stolen through an embarrassingly simple method.

AutomobileTechnologyIrony

The Unzipped Mechanic

A domestic mix-up involving a man under a car, a playful wife, and one painful surprise.

AutomobileContemporary legend

Urban Pancake

A post-earthquake legend about a stolen BMW discovered beneath California’s collapsed Nimitz Freeway.

HumorContemporary legend

Urine in Corona Beer

A false and xenophobic rumor claims that workers urinate in imported beer before it is shipped to consumers.

CorporateFoodHarmful rumor

Urban Legends Beginning with V

The Vanishing Hitchhiker

A driver picks up a passenger who disappears from the moving car and is later identified as someone who died years earlier.

SupernaturalAutomobileClassic

The Vanishing Lady

A traveler’s companion disappears from a hotel or foreign city, while officials deny that the missing person ever existed.

TravelConspiracyMedical

The Veterans’ Insurance Dividend

The veterans insurance dividend rumor promises unclaimed GI insurance money. The VA says the special dividend notice is false—and may be a scam.

HumorContemporary legend

The Videotaped Theft

A crime, prank, or betrayal is accidentally recorded, then discovered when someone watches a home video or surveillance tape.

CrimeTechnologyEvidence

Viper-Release Legends

Viper-release legends about wildlife agencies or environmentalists dropping venomous snakes from helicopters and airplanes.

AnimalsContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with W

Waiting for the Ice Man

An early embarrassment legend about a naked housewife, the wrong caller, and one disastrous explanation.

HumorContemporary legend

Walking the Dog

The Walking the Dog urban legend, in which a family pet exposes an affair by leading a wife along her husband’s secret nightly route.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The War Profiteer

A World War II story about a careless wish, an overheard conversation, and a grieving mother’s rebuke.

HumorContemporary legend

The Welded Contacts

A workplace warning claiming an arc flash can fuse contact lenses to the cornea.

HumorContemporary legend

The Well to Hell

Scientists drilling deep into the Earth supposedly lower a microphone into a cavern and record the screams of souls in Hell.

ReligionTechnologyHoax

What Killed the Dog?

The cumulative comic yarn in which one small piece of bad news reveals a household of disasters.

AnimalsContemporary legend

When There’s a Will There’s a Way

A woman pretends to know the deceased so she can use a funeral-home restroom, then learns his fortune must be divided among the mourners.

HumorContemporary legend

Which Tire?

Students claim a flat tire caused them to miss an exam; the professor separates them and asks each to identify which tire failed.

CampusPoetic justiceExam

The Wife Left Behind

A husband or family drives away from a rest stop and travels a long distance before realizing that the wife was forgotten.

TravelAutomobileFamily

The Wife on the Flight

The business legend in which a company surveys traveling spouses and receives one devastating question.

TravelContemporary legend

The Wife’s RV Revenge

A betrayed spouse takes revenge through the sale, destruction, contamination, or disappearance of a recreational vehicle.

RevengeAutomobileMarriage

The Wildcat in the Suitcase

Travelers capture, transport, or misidentify a wild animal, only for it to revive or escape from luggage.

AnimalsTravelMisidentification

The Wonder Car

Also called The Economical Car, about a secret test vehicle that gets impossible mileage and is quickly recalled.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Wordy Government Memo

The false claim that a cabbage regulation ran to exactly 26,911 words.

HumorContemporary legend

Worms in Burgers

The Worms in Burgers urban legend, the 1970s fast-food rumor claiming restaurant chains secretly mixed earthworms into hamburger meat.

FoodContemporary legend

Writing High

A student finishes an exam after drugs or an all-night cram session, then discovers every word was written on one line—or was only his name.

SchoolContemporary legend

The Wrong Car

Someone enters, steals, repairs, loads, or vandalizes a vehicle before discovering that it belongs to someone else.

AutomobileMisunderstandingHumor

The Wrong Rattler

A Southwestern legend about a man cutting rattles from a live snake after dark by mistake.

AnimalsContemporary legend

The Wrong Rest Stop

An Australian urban legend about a runaway truck, a mountain escape lane, and a family picnicking in its path.

AutomobileContemporary legend

The Wrong Teeth

In which a seasick traveler loses dentures and throws away the replacement found by a prankster.

TravelContemporary legend

Urban Legends Beginning with X

The X-Ray

In which a reversed image sends a surgeon to the wrong side and a patient loses a healthy lung.

MedicalContemporary legend

Xeroxlore Warnings

Photocopied notices about crimes, poisons, gangs, contaminated products, missing children, and secret dangers circulated as pre-internet viral warnings.

PrintWarningTransmission

Urban Legends Beginning with Y

You Can’t Judge a Book

The old clerk watches a motorcycle gang fill the store and prepares for the worst. They pay for everything. You Can’t Judge a Book is an urban legend about a store clerk who mistakes appearance for intent. The rough-looking bikers are honest customers; the ordinary-looking person who follows them is the robber. A closely…

AutomobileCrimeContemporary legend

The Youngest Fan

A celebrity or sports figure supposedly encounters an unusually young, devoted, or dying fan in a story designed to reveal hidden compassion.

CelebritySentimentalAnecdote

Urban Legends Beginning with Z

The Zoo Section

A library, store, institution, or bureaucracy contains an absurdly misplaced category or rule, usually exposing official incompetence.

InstitutionHumorBureaucracy

Frequently Asked Questions About Urban Legends

What are the most famous urban legends?

Some of the most famous urban legends are The Hook, The Vanishing Hitchhiker, Bloody Mary, The Killer in the Backseat, Alligators in the Sewers, The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs, The Kidney Heist, and The Choking Doberman.

How many urban legends are there?

There is no final count. Folklorists have documented hundreds of recurring legend types and thousands of local versions. New stories emerge, old ones disappear, and familiar plots return with new details.

Are all the stories on this list false?

No. Some are false, some contain pieces of real events, some are exaggerated, and some remain disputed. A story becomes legendary through its circulation, variation, and truth claim—not simply because it is false.

Are cryptids and creatures urban legends?

Some creature traditions function as urban legends when they circulate through localized sightings, warnings, disputed evidence, and personal testimony. Cryptid, creature legend, supernatural legend, and urban legend are related but not interchangeable categories.

Why do some legends have more than one name?

Urban legends change as they travel. Different communities may rename the same plot after a local road, school, company, person, or creature. Researchers use conventional titles so related versions can be compared.

What is the oldest urban legend?

There is no verified oldest urban legend because oral stories normally existed before they were recorded. Many modern legends have medieval or older parallels, while The Vanishing Hitchhiker is one of the most famous long-lived contemporary legend types.

What is the difference between this list and the Types of Urban Legends page?

This page is an alphabetical index of individual stories. The Types of Urban Legends page explains categories such as horror, crime, contamination, medical, automobile, technology, campus, creature, and corporate legends.

Sources and Editorial Foundation

  1. Jan Harold Brunvand, Encyclopedia of Urban Legends, updated and expanded edition, ABC-CLIO, 2012, especially the alphabetical encyclopedia entries and “A Type Index of Urban Legends,” pp. 741–766.
  2. Linda Dégh, Legend and Belief: Dialectics of a Folklore Genre, Indiana University Press, 2001.
  3. Contemporary Legend: The Journal of the International Society for Contemporary Legend Research, including research on localization, transmission, popular media, supernatural traditions, and regional legend.
  4. Alan Dundes, Interpreting Folklore, Indiana University Press, 1980; and The Meaning of Folklore, edited by Simon J. Bronner, Utah State University Press, 2007.

Editorial note: Brief descriptions on this index summarize recurring story types rather than reproducing a single “correct” version. Harmful legends are included for documentation and clearly labeled; inclusion does not validate their claims.

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